Nalco Holding Company engages in the manufacture and sale of specialized service chemical programs worldwide. It includes production and services related to the sale and application of chemicals and technology used in water treatment, pollution control, energy conservation, oil production and refining, steelmaking, papermaking, mining, and other industrial processes. It operates in three segments: Water Services, Paper Services, and Energy Services. The Water Services segment provides water, air, and process applications. It also involves in the treatment of boiler water, cooling water, influent, and wastewater for pollutant control. This segment serves aerospace, chemical, pharmaceutical, mining and primary metals, power, food and beverage, medium and light manufacturing, marine, and pulp and papermaking industries, as well as institutional clients, such as hospitals, universities, commercial buildings, and hotels. The Paper Services division offers a portfolio of programs that are used in steps of the papermaking process and various grades of paper, including graphic grades, board and packaging, and tissue and towel. The Energy Services segment provides on-site, technology-driven solutions to the drilling, oil and gas production, refining, and petrochemical industries. This segment also offers various water treatment offerings to refineries and petrochemical plants. Nalco Holding Company was founded in 1928 and is headquartered in Naperville, Illinois.